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San fernando valley californiaSan fernando valley california.San Fernando, CA
Studio and Walt Disney Studios. In addition, it is home to the Universal Studios Hollywood theme park. The river flows eastward along the southern regions of the Valley. One of the river's two unpaved sections can be found at the Sepulveda Basin.
The elevation of the floor of the valley varies from about ft m to 1, ft m above sea level. Most of the San Fernando Valley is within the jurisdiction of the City of Los Angeles , [3] although a few other incorporated cities are located within the valley as well: Burbank is in the southeastern corner of the valley, and San Fernando , which is completely surrounded by the city of Los Angeles, is near the northern end of the valley.
Universal City , an enclave in the southern part of the valley, is an unincorporated area housing the Universal Studios filming lot and theme park. Mulholland Drive , which runs along the ridgeline of the Santa Monica Mountains, marks the boundary between the valley and the communities of Hollywood and the Los Angeles Westside.
The valley's natural habitat is a " temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome " of grassland , oak savanna , and chaparral shrub forest types of plant community habitats , along with lush riparian plants along the river, creeks, and springs. In this Mediterranean climate , posts European agriculture for the mission's support consisted of grapes , figs , olives , and general garden crops. Due to its relatively inland location and other factors, summer days are typically hotter and winter nights typically colder than in the Los Angeles basin.
Juan Francisco Reyes built an adobe dwelling beside a Tongva village or rancheria at natural springs known as Achooykomenga , but the land was soon taken from him so that a mission could be built there. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the entire war. The Valley officially became part of the State of California on September 9, , when the California Statehood Act was approved by the federal government. In , dry wheat farming was introduced by J. Lankershim and Isaac Van Nuys , which became very productive for their San Fernando Homestead Association that owned the southern half of the valley.
Through the lateth-century court decision Los Angeles v. Pomeroy , Los Angeles had won the rights to all surface flow water atop an aquifer beneath the valley, without it being within the city limits. These rural areas became part of Los Angeles in In , the Suburban Homes Company, a syndicate led by H.
Sherman, and Otto F. The rural areas were annexed into the city of Los Angeles in Universal City remains an unincorporated enclave that is home to Universal Studios and became home to Universal CityWalk later in the century.
Other unincorporated areas in the valley include Bell Canyon and Kagel Canyon. The advent of three new industries in the early 20th century—motion pictures, automobiles, and aircraft—also spurred urbanization and population growth. World War II production and the subsequent postwar boom accelerated this growth so that between and , the valley's population had quintupled.
In the late s, there was a proposed east-west freeway labeled SR 64 that would have cut through the center of the valley from Calabasas in the western end of the valley to the SR and I-5 freeway interchange in Sun Valley, Los Angeles in the eastern end of the valley, but local opposition gained traction and the proposed freeway was never approved or built.
The Northridge earthquake struck on January 17 and measured 6. It produced the largest ground motions ever recorded in an urban environment and was the first earthquake that had its hypocenter located directly under a U.
A few days after the earthquake, 9, homes and businesses were still without electricity; 20, were without gas; and more than 48, had little or no water. About 12, structures were moderately to severely damaged, which left thousands of people temporarily homeless. Of the 66, buildings inspected, 6 percent were severely damaged red tagged and 17 percent were moderately damaged yellow tagged. In addition, damage to several major freeways serving Los Angeles choked the traffic system in the days following the earthquake.
Major freeway damage occurred as far away as 25 miles 40 km from the epicenter. Collapses and other severe damage forced closure of portions of 11 major roads to downtown Los Angeles. This was the second time in 23 years that the San Fernando Valley had been affected by a strong earthquake. On February 9, , a magnitude The earthquake caused 58 fatalities and about 2, injuries.
At the time, the San Fernando earthquake was the most destructive event to affect greater Los Angeles since the magnitude The Valley attempted to secede in the s, but the state passed a law barring city formation without the approval of the City Council.
AB 62 was signed into law by Governor Pete Wilson. Though the state rejected the idea of Valley-based districts, it remained an important rallying point for Hertzberg's mayoral campaign, which proved unsuccessful. By the late s, the San Fernando Valley had become more urban and more ethnically diverse with rising poverty and crime.
In , the valley tried to secede from the city of Los Angeles and become its own incorporated city to escape Los Angeles' perceived poverty, crime, gang activity, urban decay , and poorly maintained infrastructure.
In , the San Fernando Valley portion of Los Angeles again seriously campaigned to secede from the rest of the city and become its own new independent and incorporated city. The movement gained some momentum, but measure F did not receive the necessary votes to pass. There were multiple name choices for the new city. According to the San Fernando Guide , the change helped develop a "primarily lower to middle-class suburb into … a collection of art and a home for the artists who ply their trade in the galleries, theaters and dance studios in this small annex.
According to the Lake Balboa Neighborhood Council, from through November there was a debate about the official recognition of Lake Balboa as a community by the City of Los Angeles. New community names were not sanctioned by the city until January , when the city adopted a formal community-naming process City of Los Angeles Council File Number 02 By , numerous urban development projects began in the valley, mainly in the Los Angeles neighborhoods of North Hollywood, Panorama City, and Woodland Hills.
These projects started with the first few in Woodland Hills and the NoHo West project in North Hollywood began groundbreaking and construction on April 6, LA Metro upgraded the Metro G Line in with at-grade crossing gates and two bridges crossing both Sepulveda and Van Nuys Boulevards, and a full-scale light rail conversion is planned to be completed by The Valley is home to numerous companies, the most well known of which work in motion pictures, music recording, and television production.
The valley became the pioneering region for producing adult films in the s and grew to become home to a multibillion-dollar pornography industry , earning the monikers Porn Valley, [44] [45] [46] [47] Silicone Valley in contrast to Silicon Valley , nickname for the Santa Clara Valley , [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] and San Pornando Valley.
According to the HBO series Pornucopia , at one time, nearly 90 percent of all legally distributed pornographic films made in the United States were either filmed in or produced by studios based in the San Fernando Valley. The pornography industry began to decline by the mids, owing, for the most part, to the growing amount of free content on the Internet, which undercut consumers' willingness to pay. In industry insiders estimated that revenue for most adult production and distribution companies had declined 30 percent to 50 percent and the number of new films made had fallen sharply.
Busch Gardens , an amusement park in the Van Nuys neighborhood of Los Angeles, was located at the Budweiser brewery but it was torn down in the late s to make room for a massive brewery expansion.
Universal Studios Hollywood is in unincorporated Universal City. The San Fernando Valley is home to numerous neighborhood city parks, recreation areas and large Regional Open Space preserves. During the same year, about 45, PK students, or one in five of all such students, attended the over private schools in the Valley.
The Los Angeles city section of the valley is divided into seven city council districts: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and Of the 95 neighborhood councils in the city, 34 are in the valley. The valley is represented in the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors , by two supervisorial districts, with the western portion represented by Sheila Kuehl D and the eastern portion by Kathryn Barger R.
Residents are also represented by the neighborhood councils of Los Angeles. Subway , dedicated transitway , and express and local buses, provided by many agencies, serve the San Fernando Valley. Some of the former rights-of-way of the Pacific Electric Railway , which first accelerated population growth in the Valley, [61] have been repurposed for busways and light rail lines.
The Metro B Line is the first heavy rail subway in the valley, extended from its prior terminus in With transfers, it connects the Valley to the entire Metro regional light rail and subway network. Pre construction began in , and is expected to be completed between and The G Line busway uses a dedicated transitway route running the east—west length of the Valley connecting the North Hollywood B Line Station through the valley, then heads north through Canoga Park to the Chatsworth Metrolink station.
Metro is also studying a route through the Sepulveda Pass , the Sepulveda Pass Transit Corridor , including heavy rail and monorail alternatives. Metrolink commuter rail has two Valley lines, the Antelope Valley Line and Ventura County Line , which connect the Valley and beyond to downtown Los Angeles and south, becoming one line at the Downtown Burbank station.
The California High-Speed Rail Authority was planning two stations in the Valley, one in Burbank and the other in Sylmar , but the proposed Sylmar high-speed rail station was canceled owing to local opposition from the city of San Fernando.
As of now, there's only one planned station in the valley, located in Burbank with an initial section of the railroad possibly opening in Most of the utilities in the valley are served by public municipal governments, primarily the cities of Los Angeles , and Burbank , while there are only two private-owned utilities for gas and electricity in the valley as well. Internet, cable television, and cellular phone service in the valley are by large private companies.
Also, there are two Providence hospitals, in Burbank and Mission Hills. The area in and around the Van Nuys branch of Los Angeles City Hall is home to a police station, limited and unlimited jurisdiction superior courts and Los Angeles city and county administrative offices. Branches of the Los Angeles Public Library and independent city's libraries service the residents. As of the population of the San Fernando Valley was 1. The most populous districts of Los Angeles in the Valley are Van Nuys and Pacoima , which like the city of Burbank have more than , residents each.
Despite the San Fernando Valley's reputation for sprawling, low-density development, the valley communities of Panorama City , North Hollywood, Van Nuys, Reseda , Canoga Park , and Northridge , all in Los Angeles, have numerous apartment complexes and contain some of the densest census tracts in Los Angeles. The San Fernando Valley has a significant population below the poverty level. In general, the areas with lower poverty rates have become fewer and more scattered, while many of the now affluent communities have become compartmented, having their own private, planned and gated communities.
Many of these tend to be on or near the borders of the Valley in the foothill regions. Jump to content Navigation. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikivoyage. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Go to top. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk.
Read Edit View history. More Read Edit View history. For the film, see San Fernando Valley film.
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